中英文术语对照表
下面按照出现先后顺序列出了讲义中大部分术语的中英文对应关系。
| 中文术语 | 英文术语 |
|---|---|
| 博弈论 | game theory |
| 规范的 | normative |
| 描述的（实证的） | positive |
| 最优 | optimal |
| 参与人 | player |
| 行参与人 | row player |
| 列参与人 | column player |
| 最佳响应 | best reply (best response) |
| 严格劣势策略 | strictly dominated strategy |
| 零和博弈 | zero-sum game |
| 矩阵博弈 | matrix game |
| 猜硬币博弈 | matching pennies game |
| 混合策略 | mixed strategy |
| 纯策略 | pure strategy |
| 信念 | belief |
| 囚徒困境 | prisoner’s dilemma |
| 帕雷托最优 | Pareto optimal |
| 公地悲剧 | tragedy of the common’s |
| 性别战博弈 | battle of the sexes game |
| 协作 | coordination |
| 纳什均衡 | Nash equilibrium |
| 古诺模型 | the Cournot model |
| 扩展式博弈 | games in extensive form |
| 单次博弈 | one-shot game |
| 序贯博弈 | sequential game |
| 逆向归纳法 | backward induction |
| 子博弈 | subgame |
| 子博弈完美（纳什）均衡 | subgame perfect (Nash) equilibrium, SPE |
| 斯塔克尔伯格模型 | the Stackelberg model |
| 市场进入与威慑 | entry deterrence |
| （不）完全信息 | (in)complete information |
| （不）完美信息 | (im)perfect information |
| 博弈树 | game tree |
| 随机选择 | chance move |
| 完美贝叶斯均衡 | perfect Bayesian equilibrium, PBE |
| 信息集 | information set |
| 非合作博弈 | non-cooperative game |
| 合作博弈 | cooperative game |
| 联盟 | coalition |
| 全体联盟（大联盟） | grand coalition |
| 核/核心 | core |
| 效用（不）可转移合作博弈 | cooperative game with(out) transferable utility, (N)TU-game |
| 基本博弈（简单博弈） | simple game |
| 投票博弈 | voting game |
| 讨价还价/议价/谈判 | bargaining |
| 纳什谈判解/纳什议价解 | Nash bargaining solution |
| 博弈值 | the value of a (matrix) game |
| 双矩阵博弈 | bimatrix game |
| 均衡的精炼 | equilibrium refinement |
| 策略式博弈 | games in strategic form |
| 共同知识 | common knowledge |
| 完美记忆 | perfect recall |
| 行为策略 | behavioral strategy |
| 结果 | outcome |
| （非）平凡的 | (non)trivial |
| 一般化 | generalization |
| 贝叶斯一致性 | Bayesian consistency |
| 序贯理性 | sequential rationality |
| 类型 | type |
| 信号传递博弈 | signaling game |
| 贝叶斯（纳什）均衡 | Bayesian (Nash) equilibrium, BE/BNE |
| 分离均衡 | separating equilibrium |
| 混同均衡 | pooling equilibrium |
| 直观准则 | intuitive criterion, IC |
| 伯特兰模型 | the Bertrand model |
| 拍卖 | auction |
| 反应函数 | reaction function |
| 先行者 | leader |
| 追随者 | follower |
| 增价拍卖 | ascending bid auction |
| 英格兰式拍卖/英式拍卖 | English auction |
| 减价拍卖 | descending bid auction |
| 荷兰式拍卖/荷式拍卖 | Dutch auction |
| 第一/第二价格 | first/second-price |
| 密封出价 | sealed-bid |
| 投标式拍卖 | sealed-bid auction |
| 双向拍卖 | double auction |
| 竞买人 | bidder |
| 报价 | bid |
| （联盟的）价值 | worth (of a coalition) |
| 特征函数 | characteristic function |
| 收益分配 | payoff distribution |
| 个体理性 | individual rationality |
| 联盟理性 | coalitional rationality |
| （平均）边际贡献 | (average) marginal contribution |
| 公理 | axiom |
| （非）必要博弈 | (in)essential game |
| 超额值 | excess |
| 可行集 | feasible set |
| 分歧点 | disagreement point |
| 标度协变性 | scale covariance |
| 无关方案独立性 | independence of irrelevant alternatives, IIA |
| 匹配 | matching |
| 延迟接受算法 | deferred acceptance algorithm |